Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The text deals with the concept of the discount submitted by a candidate contractor tendering for a public works project. In accordance with prevailing conceptions, the quantity of the discount is perceived as being the amount of monetary compensation the candidate building contractor is willing to forgo for the sake of emerging as the winner of the tender. The text argues on the contrary that the discount is an objectively measurable magnitude. Specifically it is equal to the algebraic difference of the absolute surplus value that could be appropriated by the public works contractor minus the quantity of relative surplus value by virtue of which he is able to recoup the amount of discount submitted in the tender.

As systems become more and more complex, more complex processes, organization and division of work are needed to achieve their conception and realization. The growing difficulty consists in the number and distribution of collaborators in disparate regions on the globe, the multifaceted communities that need to be coordinated in order to assure integration and coherence of their work. It is also the case of building railway technical solutions. The heterogeneity of customer market adds a supplementary challenge: adapt the solution to the customer background, context and real needs. In this context the authors propose a workspace to support collaboration when building customer technical solutions. The authors think that adequate collaboration support needs to be provided for each community and that a common backbone is needed between these communities to assure integration and coherence of their work. This paper gives a model and implementation of a dedicated workspace that can handle collaboration during complex processes like the construction of a railway technical solution.

"January 1988." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Final report. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Communicative efficiency can be measured with conventions. Besides linguistic means, pictures and diagrams are also an expression of such conventions. In the practice of technical editing, this refers to multimodal text types with technical language elements, photographs, technical drawings, various types of diagrams, etc. Alexander Holste uses the example of the text type specification sheet to show how an inter-disciplinary team of engineers, lawyers, business economists, etc. negotiates these conventions. The different, technically justified ideas of the text type conventions, especially with regard to the choice of multimodal means of expression, become clearly apparent. Requirement specifications are created in the context of the tendering of public contracts by public authorities. Since such contracts represent an important field of work for the companies involved, the efficient design of the specifications is highly relevant from a business management point of view. Alexander Holste, Dr. phil., studied German as well as business administration in Essen and Turin and headed the technical editorial department of a public transport company before he started teaching professional and scientific writing at the University of Duisburg-Essen in 2009, especially for engineering scientists. His research interests lie in the fields of semiotics, text linguistics, technical communication and writing didactics.

The annual report of the Technical Assistance Board (TAB) to the Technical Assistance Committee, which covered the activities of the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance (EPTA) during 1959 and, coming as it did at the end of the first decade of operations of the program, completed the record of the first ten years, was made public in June 1960. The report revealed that the period under consideration (July 1950 to June 1960) had ended with the pledge of an increase in UN technical assistance, following some reduction in the size of the 1959 program. Although the amount pledged by the 83 member governments for operations in 1959 had been $29.6 million, causing a 3 percent reduction in the amount spent to deliver aid, pledges for 1960 were expected to reach an all-time high of $33.4 million. In the face of the retrenchment necessary in 1959, the size of the technical assistance program in Africa had continued to rise modestly, the continent having received 14 percent of the aid given on a worldwide scale, as compared to 12 percent in 1958, while slight reductions in the Latin American and Middle Eastern programs had been necessary. However, the largest expenditure on regional projects, as in the past, had been in Latin America, where the cost of UN and specialized agency participation in such projects as the Fundamental Education Center in Mexico, the Andean Indian Program, and the Central American Economic Integration Program had reached $1.1 million. A substantial proportion of new EPTA operations had been in the form of assistance to the emerging states of Africa, financed by the use of contingency funds amounting to $1.2 million in all, thus making it possible to initiate assistance for which funds would not otherwise have been available.